Presentation on Research Paper Elements

Research Topic

This is the first element of the research paper.
The topic is the subject matter being discussed.
The topic for the paper is “Examining the duo impact of interrogation tactics and suspect characteristics on false confessions”.

Abstract

The role of DNA exonerations in highlighting incidences of false confessions.
Overview of police interrogations.
Overview of suspect characteristics.
The issue of false memories

Introduction

A general presentation of the problem under scrutiny.
Explanation of the purpose of the research paper.
Presenting evidence on DNA exonerations (Kassin, Drizin, Grisso, Gudjonsson, Leo, & Redlich, 2010).
Thesis statement.

Literature Review

This part comprises of scholarly articles detailing the topic.
It comprises of an examination of what other scholars are saying about the topic.
Informs the reader about knowledge and ideas surrounding the topic.

DNA Exonerations

Overview of DNA exonerations
The first DNA exoneration
Popular case laws on DNA exonerations
Percentages.

(Kassin et al., 2010; “Associated Press”, 2017).

Issues in False Confessions

The problem of proving innocence in the court of law
Methods used in identifying false confessions
Overview of the type of crimes that records highest exonerations.

(Kassin et al., 2010),

False Memories

Definition
Factors affecting the development of false memories
The role of persuasion strategies in the development of false memories.
The misinformation effect

(Leding, 2012; Narchet, Meissner, and Russano, 2011)

Interrogation Techniques and False Confessions

Literature review on types of interrogation techniques
Overview of minimization techniques
Overview of maximization techniques

(Narchet, Meissner, & Russano, 2011; Frenda, Berkowitz, Loftus, & Fenn, 2016).

Overview of a study examining the impact of maximization techniques
The “ALT Key” paradigm
Study conclusions

(Frenda, Berkowitz, Loftus, & Fenn, 2016; Safarik, Ann, & Burgess, 2012).

Personal Factors in False Confessions

How age influences false confessions
The effect of intellectual disabilities on false confessions
The role of personality in false confessions
Vulnerable personalities.

(Perillo & Kassin, 2011).

Conclusions from the Review of Literature

Police interrogation techniques have a significant influence in false confessions
Suspect characteristics also influence false confessions
False memories play a key role in false confessions

Gaps and Contradictions in Literature

There are concerns that seasoned inmates who are seeking legal advice often refuse to cooperate with interrogators due to mistrust.
It is still unclear why people make voluntary confessions to crimes they did not commit, holding certain factors constant such as mental illness, retardation, escaping punishment, and seeking publicity.
There is incomplete data on the role of cognitive and psychological factors in contributing to false confessions

Recommendations for Further Research

There is need to conduct research on appropriate length on interrogation sessions.
There is need to examine the impact of use false evidence to minors.
There is need for future research in interrogator’s abilities to tell whether a suspect is telling the truth or lying.

Conclusion

The interplay of police interrogation techniques and suspect characteristics influence the he likelihood of suspects making false confessions.
Persons with personality disorders are also at increased risk of false confessions.
Majority of false confessions involve juveniles

References

Associated Press. (2017, March 21). Virginia governor pardons ‘Norfolk 4’ sailors in 1997 rape and murder. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved from http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-norfolk-four-virginia-pardon-20170321- story.html
Frenda, S. J., Berkowitz, S. R., Loftus, E. F., & Fenn, K. M. (2016). Sleep deprivation and false confessions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(8):2047-2050.
Kassin, S. M., Drizin, S. A., Grisso, T., Gudjonsson, G. H., Leo, R. A., & Redlich, A. D. (2010;2009;). Police-induced confessions: Risk factors and recommendations. Law and Human Behavior, 34(1), 3-38. doi:10.1007/s10979-009-9188-6
Leding, J. K. (2012). False memories and persuasion strategies. Review of General Psychology, 16(3), 256-268. doi:10.1037/a0027700
Leo, R. A. (2009). False confessions: causes, consequences, and implications. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 37(3): 332-343.
Mnookin, J. L. (2015). Constructing evidence and educating juries: The case for modular, made-in-advance expert evidence about eyewitness identifications and false confessions. Texas Law Review, 93(7), 1811.

Mnookin, J. L. (2015). Constructing evidence and educating juries: The case for modular, made- in-advance expert evidence about eyewitness identifications and false confessions. Texas Law Review, 93(7), 1811.
Narchet, F. M., Meissner, C. A., & Russano, M. B. (2010;2011;). Modeling the influence of investigator bias on the elicitation of true and false confessions. Law and Human Behavior, 35(6), 452-465. doi:10.1007/s10979-010-9257-x
Perillo, J. T., & Kassin, S. M. (2011). Inside interrogation: The lie, the bluff, and false confessions. Law and Human Behavior, 35(4), 327-37. doi:http://dx.doi.org.libproxy.edmc.edu/10.1007/s10979-010-9244-2.
Safarik, Mark E,M.S., V.S.M., Burgess, Ann W,D.N.Sc, A.P.R.N., & Burgess, A. G., D.B.A. (2012). FALSE CONFESSION vs. investigative logic. Forensic Examiner, 21(1), 8-17. Retrieved from https://login.libproxy.edmc.edu/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.libproxy.edmc.edu/ docview/1239519408?accountid=34899
Shaw, J., & Porter, S. (2015). Constructing rich false memories of committing crime. Psychological Science, 26(3), 291-301. doi:10.1177/0956797614562862
Snook, B., Brooks, D., & Bull, R. (2015). A lesson on interrogations from detainees: Predicting self-reported confessions and cooperation. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 42(12), 1243- 1260. doi:10.1177/0093854815604179.
Yang, Y., Guyll, M., & Madon, S. (2017). The interrogation decision-making model: A general theoretical framework for confessions. Law and Human Behavior, 41(1), 80-92. doi:http://dx.doi.org.libproxy.edmc.edu/10.1037/lhb0000220

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