History of Rome
Question 1
Who led the Carthaginian armies during the second Punic War?
Hannibal
Question 2
To which place had Alexander led his army by 326Bc
India
Question 3
Who crossed the Rubicon River to defeat forces led by Pompey in 49Bc
Julius Caesar
Question 6
The Roman culture borrows heavily from the ancient Greeks. However, the Romans have been credited for stabilizing this culture into something of their own. Consequently, this influence is reflected in areas such as art, philosophy, literature and religion. Just like the ancient Greek, regarding religion, both these cultures approve of a polytheistic culture that embeds its emphasis on the importance of rituals and sacrifices in appeasing their gods and goddesses. Consequently, this is traced from the era when the ancient Greek fell to the Romans, and the Romans took in Greek slaves whom later ended up as teachers for noble Roman children.
The contrast in this is noted by the classical writer Horace. Regarding architecture, the Roman architecture is a reflection of the Greek architecture as reflected in their temple designs (Wesley, 2012). The similarities and differences are notable regarding how the two cultures name their gods and goddesses. It is noticeable that they are the same gods but given different names by both cultures. According to the Greeks, their gods and goddesses were in abundant with each playing respective roles. Subsequently, 12 of these primary gods reside in Mount Olympus with each town maintaining an independent deity. Several aspects of its religious rituals were adopted by the Romans an inclusive making emphasis on earthly rewards rather than the afterlife compensation. A variety of beliefs and practices are incorporated into the two elements of worship. From the time of Constantine 1, the change he made in moving the capital of Rome to Constantinople created an unspoken rift in the Roman world.
As a result, Rome began to be heavily influenced by the Greek culture; this can explain why Greek became its Prime language. The transition could have been voluntary or involuntary so to say, but the bottom line is Greek may have been on the top spot regarding Western civilizations.
Reference
Wesley, A. (2012). Greek Architecture Influences America’s Architecture. Welcome to Ann’s Web. Np, nd Web, 23.
Question 7
Ancient Rome had three main social classes that are the Patricians, the Plebeians, and slaves. Conversely, the aristocratic patricians were known as wealthy landowners, and they comprised a majority of the population that formed government officials. In business, they were also called very influential. Social class in ancient Rome was hierarchical. However, there existed other overlapping social hierarchies, and an individual position may be higher or lower depending on the level. Rome continues to be a hierarchical class system with two dominant class of distinction spilled between the Plebeians and Patricians (Orizaga, 2013). The social classes in the late Republic are categorized into five levels that are the senators, the Equestrians, commons, and slaves. Conversely, the Senators and the equestrians from the upper class of the society.
One of the most significant attempt to reconcile these class differences is the elimination of the Patricians and the Plebeians. With the natural death of the Patricians, a gateway for the efficient removal of the two social classes was evident. Consequently, the Plebeians population was redesigned through some measured policies. The problems associated with these social classes stretched across the political, economic and social domains. Lower social class occupants were locked off from significant government positions and brought about numerous cases rebellions from the lower level. Other related cases include fierce battles possibly with propaganda of physical fights. Consequently, these ailments cause both economic and social uproar reflected the nature of the social relationships (Orizaga, 2013). The most significant impact, however, is associated with inherent problems related to the exploitation of the middle-class farmers. Factors such as overexpansion and military overspending, government corruption and political instability and weakening of the Roman legions are some of the key variables discussed under what Rome could have first addressed in attempts to hail the social class related problems.
Reference
Orizaga, R. Y. M. (2013). Self-Presentation and Identity in the Roman Empire, ca. 30 BCE to 225 CE.
Question 8
- Led the senatorial conspiracy against Julius Caesar
Marcus Brutus
- General under Alexander later given command of Egypt
Ptolemy
- A trusted lieutenant to Julius Caesar and later a member of the Second Triumvirate
Mark Antony
- A member of the First Triumvirate, later defeated by Julius Caesar
Pompey
- Greek mathematician who calculated the circumference of the Earth nearly to its modern accepted value
Eratosthenes
- Site of the battle in 31 BC between Octavian Caesar and Mark Antony
Actium
- Who was the Greek mathematician whose work on geometry became the standard for centuries?
Euclid
- Which Roman consul reform plans led to his assassination
Tiberius Gracchus
- who led the conquest of the Persian Empire and most of the Middle East for the Macedonians
Alexander
- Who was the Roman general during the Punic Wars?
Scipio Africanus
